I. Ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezingundoqo
1. Inqanaba elinzima: iTungsten Carbide (WC)
- Uluhlu lweProportion: 70–95%
- Iimpawu eziphambili: Ibonisa ubunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, kunye nobunzima beVickers ≥1400 HV.
- Impembelelo yobungakanani beenkozo:
- Uziinkozo eziQhekekileyo (3–8μm): Ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nokuchasana kwempembelelo, ilungele ukubunjwa ngegrabile okanye i-interlayers enzima.
- Uziinkozo eziLungileyo/eziQhelekileyo (0.2–2μm): Ubulukhuni obuphuculweyo kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, ilungele ukwakheka okurhabaxa kakhulu njengelitye lesanti lequartz.
2. iSigaba soBinder: iCobalt (Co) okanye iNickel (Ni)
- Uluhlu lweProportion: I-5-30%, esebenza "njenge-adhesive metallic" kwi-bond tungsten carbide particles kunye nokubonelela ngokuqina.
- Iintlobo kunye neempawu:
- Isekwe kwiCobalt (Ukhetho oluqhelekileyo):
- Izinto eziluncedo: Amandla aphezulu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, i-thermal conductivity elungileyo, kunye neempawu eziphezulu ezibanzi zoomatshini.
- Isicelo: Uninzi lweendlela eziqhelekileyo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu (i-cobalt ihlala izinzile ngaphantsi kwe-400 ° C).
- Isekwe kwiNickel (IiMfuno eziKhethekileyo):
- Izinto eziluncedo: Ukumelana ne-corrosion eyomeleleyo (imelana ne-H₂S, CO₂, kunye nolwelo olunetyuwa eninzi lokomba).
- Isicelo: Amabala erhasi eneAcidic, amaqonga angaphesheya konxweme, kunye nezinye iindawo ezinobume ezonakalisayo.
- Isekwe kwiCobalt (Ukhetho oluqhelekileyo):
3. Izongezo (uPhuculo lweNqanaba eliNcinci)
- I-Chromium Carbide (Cr₃C₂): Ukuphucula ukuxhathisa kwe-oxidation kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko yesigaba se-binder phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zokushisa.
- I-Tantalum Carbide (TaC)/Niobium Carbide (NbC): Ithintela ukukhula kweenkozo kwaye iphucula ubulukhuni bobushushu obuphezulu.
II. Izizathu zokukhetha iTungsten Carbide Hardmetal
| Ukusebenza | Inkcazelo eluncedo |
|---|---|
| Nxiba ukuxhathisa | Ukuqina okwesibini kuphela kwidayimane, ukumelana nokukhukuliseka ngamasuntswana abrasive njengesanti yequartz (ixabiso lokunxiba 10+ amaxesha angaphantsi kunentsimbi). |
| Ukuchasa impembelelo | Ukuqina ukusuka kwisigaba se-cobalt / i-nickel binder kuthintela ukuqhekeka kwi-downhole vibrations kunye ne-bit bouncing (ingakumbi i-coarse-grain + high-cobalt formulations). |
| Uzinzo lobushushu obuphezulu | Igcina ukusebenza kwiqondo lokushisa elisezantsi le-300-500 ° C (i-cobalt-based alloys inomlinganiselo weqondo lokushisa ~ 500 ° C). |
| Ukunyangwa kokuMhlwa | I-alloys esekwe kwi-nickel ixhathisa ukubola kwi-solfur-containing fluids yokomba, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo kwiindawo ezine-acidic. |
| Iindleko-Ukusebenza | Ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kunedayimane/ityhubhiki boron nitride, ubomi benkonzo obuphindaphindwe kangangama-20–50 eemibhobho yentsimbi, ebonelela ngeenzuzo ezona zizonke. |
III. Ukuthelekisa nezinye izinto
| Uhlobo lwezinto eziphathekayo | Iingxaki | Iimeko zeSicelo |
|---|---|---|
| Idayimani (PCD/PDC) | I-brittleness ephezulu, ukuxhathisa impembelelo embi; ixabisa kakhulu (~ 100x leyo yetungsten carbide). | Ayifane isetyenziswe kwimilomo; ngamanye amaxesha kwiindawo zovavanyo eziyingozi kakhulu. |
| I-Cubic Boron Nitride (PCBN) | Ukumelana nobushushu obulungileyo kodwa ubunzima obuphantsi; zibiza kakhulu. | I-Ultra-deep high-temperature hard formations (engeyona i-mainstream). |
| Iiramikhi (Al₂O₃/Si₃N₄) | Ubunzima obuphezulu kodwa ukuqina okubonakalayo; ukuxhathisa ukothuka kwe-thermal. | Kwinqanaba lokuqinisekisa elebhu, ayikanyuswa ngokwentengiso. |
| High-Amandla Steel | Ukunganyangeki kokunxiba, ubomi obufutshane benkonzo. | Amasuntswana asezantsi okanye ezinye iindlela zethutyana. |
IV. Izalathiso zokuzivelela kwezobuGcisa
1. Ukwenziwa kweMaterial Optim
- Nanocrystalline Tungsten Carbide: Ubungakanani benkozo <200nm, ubunzima bunyuke nge-20% ngaphandle kokunciphisa ubunzima (umzekelo, uchungechunge lweSandvik Hyperion™).
- Ulwakhiwo oluDidiweyo ngokuSebenzayo: Ubunzima obuphezulu be-WC kwi-nozzle surface, i-high-toughness-coarse-grain + i-cobalt core, i-bancing wear and fracture resistance.
2. Ukomelezwa komphezulu
- Ukwaleka kweDayimane (CVD): Ifilimu ye-2-5μm yonyusa ubunzima bomhlaba ukuya kwi-> 6000 HV, yandisa ubomi nge-3-5x (i-30% yokunyuka kweendleko).
- Ukufakwa kweLaser: I-WC-Co iileya ezifakwe kwiindawo zomlomo ezisesichengeni ukomeleza ukuxhathisa kokunxitywa kwendawo.
3. Imveliso eyongezelelweyo
- I-3D-Printed Tungsten Carbide: Yenza ukubunjwa okuhlanganisiweyo kweendlela ezihambayo eziyinkimbinkimbi (umzekelo, izakhiwo ze-Venturi) ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-hydraulic.
V. Imiba ephambili yokuKhetha izinto
| Iimeko zokusebenza | Isincomo sezinto eziphathekayo |
|---|---|
| Ukwakheka kwe-abrasive kakhulu | I-Fine/ultrafine-grain WC + icobalt ephakathi-phantsi (6–8%) |
| Amacandelo empembelelo/ungcangcazelo | I-WC ye-coarse-grain + i-cobalt ephezulu (i-10-13%) okanye i-graded structure |
| Ubume be-Acidic (H₂S/CO₂). | Isibophelelo esisekwe kwinikelo + Cr₃C₂ isongezo |
| Amaqula anzulu kakhulu (>150°C) | Ingxubevange esekwe kwiCobalt + TaC/NbC izongezo (ziphephe i-nickel esekwe kumandla obushushu obuphezulu obubuthathaka) |
| Iiprojekthi ezingabizi kakhulu | Ukutya okuziinkozo okusemgangathweni okuphakathi kweWC + 9% cobalt |
Ukuqukumbela
- UkuLawulwa kweMarike: I-Tungsten carbide hardmetal (WC-Co/WC-Ni) yeyona nto ingundoqo, ithatha i-95% yeemarike ze-drill bit nozzle zehlabathi.
- Undoqo wokuSebenza: Ukuziqhelanisa nemingeni eyahlukeneyo yokwakheka ngohlengahlengiso kwisayizi yengqolowa yeWC, umlinganiselo wecobalt/nickel, kunye nezongezo.
- Ukungafumaneki endaweni: Ihlala isisombululo esona sisombululo sokulinganisa ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, ukuqina, kunye neendleko, kunye nobuchwepheshe obunqamlekileyo (i-nanocrystallization, i-coatings) ngokuqhubekayo ukwandisa imida yesicelo sayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-03-2025
